TNF-alpha, recombinant human protein

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Background

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) is a potent cytokine expressed as a 26 kDa transmembrane protein with 233 aa that is cleaved to the soluble 17 kDa monomer by TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) and forms stable homotrimers. TNF-α is expressed in many cells and plays an important role in inflammation, immune modulation, septic shock, viral replication, antitumor activity, anorexia, cachexia and hematopoiesis. TNF-α is chiefly produced by macrophages when challenged with viruses or bacteria. TNF-α is cytotoxic for many tumor cells lines but induced activation, differentiation or proliferation in normal cells. Tumor necrosis factor receptor TNFR1 and TNFR2 are receptors for TNF-α.