Name: Nitrofurantoin macrocrystals
Price: 248.00 USD

- Overview
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    Background
    
    Nitrofurantoin has a unique mode of action in that it does not require growth or active metabolism to exert its effect. Upon entering a susceptible cell, Nitrofurantoin is activated by bacterial enzymes (nitrofuran reductase) and targets ribosomes and nucleic acids which inhibit bacterial growth and leads to death of the bacterial cells. Resistance to Nitrofurantoin may be chromosomal or plasmid-mediated.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    67-20-9
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C8H8N4O5
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    238.16
    
    Appearance
    
    Yellow crystalline powder
    
    Solubility
    
    Soluble in DMF. Practically insoluble in aqueous solution.
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Synthetic
    
    Storage
    
    ≤30°C; Protect from light.
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Nitrofurantoin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic frequently used to treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract. Nitrofurantoin has been found to be effective against certain β-lactam resistant strains of VRE or vancomycin resistant Enterococcus; a glycopeptide antibiotic resistant "superbug." Nitrofurantoin is also used against Enterococci, Staphylococci, Streptococci, Corneybacteria, and E. coli. Most strains of Proteus spp. and Pseudomonas aeurginosa are resistant to Nitrofurantoin.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Nitrofurantoin is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options. Representative MIC values include:
    E. coli 32 µg/mL - 64 µg/mL
    Nitrofurantoin can be used against Lysteria monocytogenes-persisters in vitro, and was effective against both growing and dormant cells (Knudsen et al, 2013).
    
    Eukaryotic Cell Culture Applications: Nitrofuranton is toxic to human WI-38 fibroblasts in culture and antioxidants can mitigate effect. On a molecular basis, glutathione peroxidase was the most efficient at protection (Michiels and Remacle, 1988). Nitrofurantoin can alter the morphology, viability, and phagocytic activity of bovine mammary polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro, when added at 1 mg/ml.