Levofloxacin

- Overview
  - Levofloxacin is a broad-spectrum third-generation fluoroquinolone and one of the isomers of ofloxacin, specificlaly the optical S-(-) isomer. It is a DNA gyrase inhibitor shown to inhibit topoisomerase IV. Levofloxacin was patented in 1985 and is one of the later generation fluoroquinolones referred to as 'respiratory quinolones'. Levofloxacin is insoluble in aqueous solution.
    
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    Background
    
    Fluoroquinolone antibiotics target bacterial DNA gyrase (specifically type II topoisomerase) an enzyme which reduces DNA strain during replication. Because DNA gyrase is required during DNA replication, subsequent DNA synthesis and ultimately cell division is inhibited. It has also been shown to inhibit topoisomerase IV, which is another type II topoisomerase.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    138199-71-0
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C18H20FN3O4 • 0.5H2O
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    370.38
    
    Appearance
    
    Light yellow crystalline powder
    
    Solubility
    
    Chloroform: Soluble
    Glacial acetic acid: Soluble
    Water: Insoluble
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Synthetic
    Assay: Purity: Not less than 98.5%
    Residue On Ignition: Not more than 0.2%
    Heavy Metals: Not more than 20 ppm
    Loss on Drying: Not more than 3.0%
    Melting Point: 218-227 °C
    Optical Rotation: -95° to -103°
    Identification: Positive
    
    Storage
    
    2-8°C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Levofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting most aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is moderately active against anaerobes. It can also be used against Mycoplasmas. It is effective against pathogens causing pneumonia such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Levofloxacin is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options. Representative MIC values include:
    Haemophilus influenzae 0.00625 µg/mL – 1 µg/mL
    Streptococcus pneumoniae 0.05 µg/mL - 4 µg/mL
    Resistance to fluoroquinolones is common in Staphyloccus and Pseudomonas. Resistance occurs in multiple ways, one way is via alteration in topoisomerase IV enzyme.

MSDS

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MSDS-EU

Levofloxacin

Background

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