Isoniazid

- Overview
  - Isoniazid is a bactericidal and bacteriostatic against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causal agent of tuberculosis.
    
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    Background
    
    Isoniazid itself is not toxic to the bacterial cell, but acts as a prodrug and is activated by the Mycobacterial enzyme KatG, a catalase-peroxidase. This enzyme prevents the formation of unstable oxygen radicals. Once activated, isoniazid binds to and inactivates InhA, an enoyl-reductase involved in mycolic acid synthesis.
    The inhibition of cell wall lipid synthesis, depletion of nucleic acid pools and metabolic depression contribute to the potency and selectivity.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    54-85-3
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C6H7N3O
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    137.14
    
    Appearance
    
    White Crystalline Powder
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Water: very soluble
    PH: 6.0-8.0
    Assay: (On Dried Basis): 99.0-100.5%
    Heavy Metals: ≤10ppm
    Loss on Drying: ≤0.5%
    Melting Point: 170-173°C
    Identification: Passes test
    
    Storage
    
    ≤30°C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Isoniazid targets Mycoplasma species including M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, and M. kansasii.
    
    Microbiology Applications: A missense mutation within the Mycobacterial inhA gene was shown to confer resistance to Isoniazid in M. smegmatis and M. bovis. The wild-type inhA gene also conferred resistance when transferred on a multicopy plasmid vector to M. smegmatis and M. bovis BCG. (Banerjee et al, 1994).