Gap 27

- Overview
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    Background
    
    Gap 27 is a peptide(Ser-Arg-Pro-Thr-Glu-Lys-Thr-Ile-Phe-Ile-Ile) derived from connexin 43 that is a selective gap junction blocker.
    Connexins, or gap junctions, are a family of structurally-related transmembrane proteins. Gap junctions contain channels that allow the passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells. This intercellular communication has been implicated in the coordination of cellular responses to intracellular signaling molecules. Calcium and inositol phosphates are among the second messengers that can pass through gap junction channels. This synthetic connexin-mimetic peptide, Gap 27, was used to evaluate the contribution of gap-junctional communication to osteoclastic bone resorption. It was concluded that gap-junctional communication is necessary for proper bone remodeling.
    
    1. Berthoud, V. et al. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 279, 619 (2000)
    2. Ilvesaro, J. et al. BMC Musculoskel. Disord. 2, 10 (2001)
    3. Chaytor, A. et al. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 144, 108 (2005)
    4. Boitano, S. and H. Evans Am. J. Physio.l Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 279, L623 ( 2000).
- Properties
  - Categories
    
    Selective gap junction blocker
    
    Alternative Name
    
    Ser-Arg-Pro-Thr-Glu-Lys-Thr-Ile-Phe-Ile-Ile
    
    CAS Number
    
    198284-64-9
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C60H101N15O17
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    1304.55
    
    Appearance
    
    A solid
    
    Purity
    
    97.64%
    
    Solubility
    
    insoluble in EtOH; ≥5 mg/mL in H2O; ≥65.25 mg/mL in DMSO
    
    Storage
    
    Desiccate at -20°C
    
    SMILES
    
    CCC(C)C(C(=O)NC(C(C)CC)C(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C(CCCCN)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C2CCCN2C(=O)C(CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)C(CO)N
    
    * For Research Use Only
- Reference
  - 1. Fan J, Chen Y, et al. "Multi-walled carbon nanotubes induce IL-1β secretion by activating hemichannels-mediated ATP release in THP-1 macrophages." Nanotoxicology. 2020;1-18. PMID:32538272
    2. Ni X, Li XZ, et al. "Increased expression and functionality of the gap junction in peripheral blood lymphocytes is associated with hypertension-mediated inflammation in spontaneously hypertensive rats." Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2018 Aug 20;23:40. PMID:30151015
    3. HAI-CHAO ZHANG, ZHONG-SHUANG ZHANG, et al."Connexin 43 in splenic lymphocytes is involved in the regulation of CD4+ CD25+ T lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production in hypertensive inflammation." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE. 2017 October 20.
    4. Ni X, Wang A, et al. "Up-regulation of gap junction in peripheral blood T lymphocytes contributes to the inflammatory response in essential hypertension." PLoS One. 2017 Sep 14;12(9):e0184773. PMID:28910394
    5. Koenen, Anna, et al. "Effects of renal denervation on renal pelvic contractions and connexin expression in rats." Acta Physiologica (2015). PMID:26436542