DDD107498

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Background

DDD107498 is a potent and novel multiple-stage antimalarial agent against multiple life-cycle stages of the Plasmodium parasite. [1]DDD107498 has an acceptable safety profile and good pharmacokinetic properties. Translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2) has been identified as the molecular target of DDD107498. The factor eEF2 is responsible for the GTP-dependent translocation of the ribosome along messenger RNA, and is essential for protein synthesis. [1]DDD107498 showed excellent activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 parasites with EC50 value of 1.0 nM, EC90 value of 2.4 nM and EC99 value of 5.9 nM. Furthermore, DDD107498 was more potent than artesunate in ex vivo assays against a range of clinical isolates of both P. falciparum (median EC50 = 0.81 nM (range 0.29–3.29 nM), n = 44) and P. vivax (median EC50 = 0.51 nM (range 0.25–1.39 nM), n = 28) collected from patients with malaria from southern Papua. [1]DDD107498 showed an EC50 < 1 nM against the liver schizont forms of P. berghei and Plasmodium yoelii. DDD107498 potently inhibited both male and female gamete formation from the gametocyte stage at similar concentrations [1.8 nM (95% CI 1.6–2.1 nM) and 1.2 nM (95% CI 0.8–1.6 nM)] respectively. DDD107498 blocked subsequent oocyst development in the mosquito after 7 days with an EC50 of 1.8 nM. [1]DDD107498 had a 90% reduction in parasitaemia (ED90) of 0.57 mg/kg after a single oral dose in mice infected with the rodent parasite Plasmodium berghei. When orally dosed daily for 4 days, the ED90 on day 7 after infection was 0.95 mg/kg/day. Blood sampling from the infected SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice suggested a minimum parasiticidal concentration for DDD107498 of 10–13 ng/ml for asexual blood-stage infections. [1]In contrast, the compound was not toxic to human cells (MRC5 and Hep-G2 cells) at much higher concentrations (>20,000-fold selectivity). DDD107498 displayed excellent pharmacokinetic properties in preclinical species, including good oral bioavailability and long plasma half-life. DDD107498 showed good drug-like properties including metabolic stability when incubated with hepatic microsomes or hepatocytes from several species; good solubility in a range of different media; and low protein binding. [1]

1.Baragaña B, Hallyburton I, Lee MC et al. A novel multiple-stage antimalarial agent that inhibits protein synthesis. Nature. 2015 Jun 18;522(7556):315-20.