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Overview
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Background
Avasimibe is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) with IC50 value of 60nM [1].Avasimibe is developed from a strategy to design ACAT inhibitors with improved bioavailability. It also has solution stability at acidic pH. In the in vitro assay, the IC50 value is dependent on the concentration of microsomes, the amount of membrane available for adsorption as well as the presence of BSA. The treatment of avasimibe during the process of lipid loading causes a concentration-dependent reduction in cellular cholesteryl ester content. This reduction is not accompanied by the accumulation of intracellular free cholesterol, indicating a better safety profile for avasimibe than other ACAT inhibitors. Avasimibe can also reduce the synthesis and secretion of Apo B 100 (a component of VLDL) in HepG2 cells. In addition, avasimibe can increase the total bile acid synthesis in rat hepatocytes at the concentration of 3μM [1]. Apart from the antiatherosclerotic efficacy, avasimibe is also found to take participate in the modulation of APP trafficking. It can delay and reduce the maturation of APP, limiting the availability of APP holoprotein for Aβ-generatiion [2].
[1] Llaverías G, Laguna JC, Alegret M. Pharmacology of the ACAT inhibitor avasimibe (CI-1011). 2003 Spring;21(1):33-50.
[2] Huttunen HJ, Peach C, Bhattacharyya R, Barren C, Pettingell W, Hutter-Paier B, Windisch M, Berezovska O, Kovacs DM. Inhibition of acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyl transferase modulates amyloid precursor protein trafficking in the early secretory pathway. FASEB J. 2009 Nov;23(11):3819-28.
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