Atherosclerotic feed (without sodium cholate)

The atherosclerotic feed series includes 8 kinds of feeds, of which the most commonly used are 40kcal% fat, 1.25% cholesterol, with or without 0.5% sodium cholate, and its low-fat control 10kcal% fat, without cholesterol and sodium cholate. The selected fat is cocoa butter, mainly because it contains high saturated fatty acids and has a unique cocoa flavor, which improves the palatability of animals.
At present, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene knockout mice are the mainstream for inducing atherosclerosis. The gene mutations of these mice will prevent the liver from removing cholesterol from the circulatory system, making them particularly sensitive to saturated fat and cholesterol in the diet. These GMO mice were fed a diet containing cholesterol (1.25% by weight) without cholic acid and rich in saturated fat for 6-12 weeks, which could induce significant atherosclerotic lesions, while the initial stage of atherosclerosis (i.e. fat streak lesions) could be found after 5 weeks of feeding.
Wild type mice, such as c57bl/6 mice, are not prone to atherosclerosis due to their genetic background, but they can also develop mild atherosclerosis under specific conditions. In the above diet rich in cholesterol and saturated fat, 0.5% sodium cholate was added to feed wild-type mice, which not only helped the absorption of cholesterol and fat, but also inhibited the conversion of cholesterol into bile (thus reducing the output of cholesterol and increasing its stock (especially non high density lipoprotein cholesterol), and finally led to atherosclerosis in susceptible mouse strains.

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