Amyloid Beta-peptide (25-35) (human)

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Background

Met-Leu-Gly-Ile-Ile-Ala-Gly-Lys-Asn-Ser-Gly
Amyloid- β (Aβ) peptide is commonly found in human Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain and is the main component of Alzheimer amyloid plaques. The predominant forms of Aβ in the human brain are Aβ (1-40) and Aβ (1-42). However, the Aβ (25-35) fragment, which is physiologically present in elderly people, is the more toxic region and has recently been found to play a relevant role in AD due to its peculiar aggregation properties1.
Aβ (25-35) is regarded to be the functional domain of Aβ, responsible for its neurotoxic properties2-5. It represents the actual biologically active region of Aβ6. Administration of Aβ (25-35) has been shown to lead to amnesia in mice, causing impairments of spatial working memory along with the degradation of passive avoidance reactions2-5.
In vivo, Aβ (25-35) is present in neurons of subiculum and entorhinal cortex of AD brains7. It is also observed in Inclusion-Body Myositis (IBM) muscle8.

1. Millucci L, Ghezzi L, Bernardini G, Santucci A (2010) Conformations and biological activities of amyloid beta peptide 25–35. Curr Protein Pept Sc 11: 54–67.
2. Stepanichev, M.Y.; Moiseeva, Y.V.; Lazareva, N.A.; Gulyaeva,N.V. Studies of the effects of fragment (25-35) of beta-amyloid peptide on the behavior of rats in a radial maze. Neurosci. Behav. Physiol., 2005, 35(5), 511-8.
3. Limón, I.D.; Díaz, A.; Mendieta. L.; Chamorro, G.; Espinosa, B.; Zenteno, E.; Guevara, J. Amyloid-beta(25-35) impairs memory and increases NO in the temporal cortex of rats. Neurosci. Res., 2009,63(2), 129-137.
4. Pike, C. J.; Burdick, D.; Walencewicz, A. J.; Glabe, C. G.; Cotman, C. W. Neurodegeneration induced by beta-amyloid peptides in vitro: the role of peptide assembly state. J. Neurosci., 1993, 13, 1676-1687.
5. Stepanichev, M.Yu; Lazareva N.A.; Onufriev, M.V.; Mitrokhina, O.S.; Moiseeva, Yu.V.; Gulyaeva, N.V. Effects of doses of fragment (25-35) of beta-amyloid peptide on behavior in rats. Neurosci. Behav. Physiol., 1998, 28(5), 564-6 .
6. D'Errico, G.; Vitiello, G.; Ortona, O.; Tedeschi, A.; Ramunno, A. and D'Ursi, A.M. Interaction between Alzheimer's A(25-35) peptide and phospholipid bilayers: The role of cholesterol. Biochimica. Biophys. Acta (BBA) – Biomembr., 2008, 1778, 2710-2716.
7. Kaneko, I.; Yamada, N.; Usui, Y.; Oda, T. Possible involvement of β -amyloids racemized at Ser residue in Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s Disease: Biology, Diagnose and Therapeutics. John Wiley & Sons: Chichester, 1997, pp. 519-528.
8. Kaneko, I.; Kubo, T.; Morimoto, K.; Kumagae, Y.; Miller, C.A. Ananimal model for Alzheimer’s disease using racemic