Ampicillin sodium

- Overview
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    Background
    
    Ampicillin sodium is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme transpeptidase with IC50 value of 1.8 μg/ml [1].
    Ampicillin is a β-lactam antibiotic that kills bacteria by inhibiting transpeptidase reactions. Transpeptidase is involved in the final stages of cell wall biosynthesis and inhibition of it ultimately leads to cell lysis [1].
    In E. coli 146 cells treated with ether, Ampicillin showed no significant inhibition on the transpeptidase reaction at concentrations below 0.5 μg/ml, but exhibited 50% inhibition at the concentration of 1.8 μg/ml. In E. coli 146 cells, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Ampicillin was 3.1 μg/ml [1]. In E. coli and S. typhi, Ampicillin and Epicillin at concentrations close to MIC values killed bacteria at slower rates than Amoxycillin [2].
    In experimental mouse infections, oral or subcutaneous treatment of Ampicillin at the dose of 0.2 ml/20 g was significantly more effective than Epicillin and Amoxycillin against the majority of infections [2].
    
    [1]. Moore B A, Jevons S, Brammer K W. Inhibition of transpeptidase activity in Escherichia coli by thienamycin. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1979, 15(6): 831-833.
    [2]. Basker M J, Gwynn M N, White A R. Comparative activities of ampicillin, epicillin and amoxycillin in vitro and in vivo. Chemotherapy, 1979, 25(3): 170-180.
- Properties
  - Categories
    
    β-lactam antibiotic
    
    Alternative Name
    
    sodium;(2S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate
    
    CAS Number
    
    69-52-3
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C16H18N3NaO4S
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    371.4
    
    Purity
    
    98.00%
    
    Solubility
    
    ≥18.57 mg/mL in H2O; ≥73.6 mg/mL in DMSO; ≥75.2 mg/mL in EtOH
    
    Storage
    
    Store at -20°C
    
    SMILES
    
    CC1(C(N2C(S1)C(C2=O)NC(=O)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)N)C(=O)[O-])C.[Na+]
    
    * For Research Use Only