Amikacin Sulfate, USP (1:2)

- Overview
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    Background
    
    Amikacin Sulfate binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit (specifically the 16S rRNA and S12 protein) resulting in interference with the translational initiation complex and mRNA misreading, which leads to a faulty or nonexistent protein.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    39831-55-5
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C22H43N5O13 •2H2SO4
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    781.76
    
    Appearance
    
    White crystalline powder
    
    Solubility
    
    Soluble in water (50 mg/ml)
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Semi-synthetic
    PH: 2.0 - 4.0
    Assay: (On Dried Basis): 674-786 µg/mg
    Residue On Ignition: ≤1.0%
    Loss on Drying: ≤13.0%
    Optical Rotation: +76° to +84°
    
    Storage
    
    2-8°C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Mycobacterium tubercolosis is also susceptible to Amikacin.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Amikacin Sulfate is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use this information to recommend antibiotic treatment options. Samples of microbes grown in presence of a 30 µg Amikacin disc with a zone of inhibition of <14 mm in diameter are considered resistant. Intermediate resistance zones of inhibition are typically 15 mm-16 mm in diameter. Representative MIC values include:
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0.25 µg/mL -512 µg/mL
    Serratia marcescens ≤0.25 µg/mL － >32 µg/mL
    
    Eukaryotic Cell Culture Applications: in vitro studies with Amikacin demonstrate lysosomal phospholipidosis, with the compound binding to the phospholipid bilayer.
    An LC–MS/MS assay was developed to quantify Amikacin in different biological matrices. This technology can facilitate future studies on improving Amikacin-associated nephrotoxicity. It would be useful for in vitro studies characterizing Amikacin uptake kinetics in renal cells, and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies (Chan et al, 2020).
    Contamination of cell cultures for virus isolation is problematic. Amikacin (and vancomycin ) were chosen to replace the penicillin and gentamicin used conventionally. The combination was not toxic to cell cultures remained stable in media for over six months. Virus isolation rate was maintained and contamination was reduced from 10% to 1.5%. This regime can be used for maintenance and transport media to control the emerging problem of viral culture contamination (Lo et el, 1996).