4-1BB Ligand (4-1BBL), Human

4-1BB Ligand (4-1BBL) is a transmembrane cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. 4-1BBL is a bidirectional signal transducer that acts as a ligand for TNFRSF9, a costimulatory receptor in T lymphocytes. TNFSF9 and its TNFRSF9 participate in the antigen presentation development and the generation of cytotoxic T cells. 4-1BBR is absent from resting T lymphocytes but rapidly expressed upon antigenic stimulation. TNFSF9 reactivates anergic T lymphocytes as well as promoting T lymphocyte proliferation. 4-1BB Ligand is necessary for the optimal CD8 responses in CD8 T cells. 4-1BBL is expressed in carcinoma cell lines and is considered to be involved in T cell-tumor cell interaction. 4-1BBL is expressed by activated B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, activated T cells, neurons and astrocytes. The binding of 4-1BB with TNFRSF9 strongly regulates immunity and has been proposed to preferentially control T cell responses based on studies in various murine.

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