One of these cancer testicular antigens, TFDP3, or HCA661, is found in human tissues. TFDP family has 3 members: TFDP1, TFDP2 and TFDP3 with high homology. TFDP3 is more studied now, but for resistance to tumor cell death and proliferation, and TFDP3's participation in the TFDP3 cycle is less studied. TFDP3 is on the X chromosomes. But TFDP3 is the human protein molecule that we are. TFDP3-melanoma, liver cancer, breast cancer, T lymphocytic leukemia and other malignant tumour cells can also be found in malignant tumor cells, and they can also be found in normal testicular tissue. As TFDP3 is a cancer testosckic antigen, the testicular antigen domain is an ideal target for T-cell gene engineering for tumor therapy.
E2FS regulates cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair and DNA replication, as well as the cycle of cells and tumors. The transcription factors belonging to the E2F family had coordinated a huge number of genes for the regulation of the G1 to S -phase transition and other genes that also assisted in the apoptosis of apoptosis. They have much to do with cycle and apoptosis. The mechanism for E2F is a heterodosis of E2F protein and DP protein. E2F family has eight members:
| Classification |
Member |
Describe |
| The First Subfamily |
E2F1, E2F2, E2F3 |
They are interpreted during the periodic periodic periodic periodic periodic, only interaction with the retinal female celloma (RB) 7 tumor inhibitory protein. |
| The Second Subfamily |
E2F4, E2F5 |
These two E2F proteins are almost expressed at a constant level in the entire cell cycle. It is generally believed that they are essential for the exit and differentiation of the cell cycle. |
| The Third Subfamily |
E2F6 |
It lacks typical transcriptional activation/pocket protein (RB, P130 and P107) binding domains, but retains the binary domain of DP protein. |
| The Fourth Subfamily |
E2F7, E2F8 |
They have only two different DNA binding domains, which are organized into analog E2F-DP different dizate. |
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TFDP3 and E2F
The DP family transcription factors are interacted with factors such as E2F to coordinate the regulating cell cycle and gene expression, which is an indispensable part of cell growth and development. Studying the function and regulation mechanism of these transcription factors is of great significance for understanding the mechanism of cell biology and related diseases.
It can form different di agents with members of the E2F family and enhance E2F's DNA binding activity. In the DNA injury reaction of cancer cells, TFDP3 is induced and can inhibit the apoptosis of E2F1 mediated. Due to the lack of transcriptional activation domains, DP protein itself does not have transcriptional activity. Instead, they play the adjustment function by germia with E2F protein. In fact, E2F-DP's heterogeneity is essential for the combination of high-affinity DNA and the effective transcription of E2F. As a heterododer, the E2F-DP complex is combined with the consensus E2F DNA recognition site TTT (C/G) GCGC (C/G) determined by a large number of cell promoters. E2F1 -induced apoptosis general activation pathway and TFDP3 inhibitory effect.
Fig. 1 The role of TFDP3 in the apoptosis induced by E2F1(Huang, J.; et al).
TFDP3 Molecular Mechanism
TFDP3 is a member of the TFDP family and has since been demonstrated to be associated with E2F in the cell cycle. TFDP3/E2F complex cannot be mixed with DNA in contrast to TFDP1 and TFDP2 enhanced E2F and downstream target genes. E2F/TFDP complexes to regulate cell cycle events by regular interaction of key cell proliferation inhibitors (retinoplastyoma tumor inhibitory gene products (RB) and related proteins. It is necessary for cell cycle control and the TFDP1/E2F1 complex can up the speed phase.
Combination with E2F
TFDP3 basically combines domain and E2F transcription factor into a di agent. The complex can be added to a piece of DNA to control the expression of target genes.
Regulating Cell Cycle
TFDP3 participates in expression of controlling cell -related genes. As the cells are in the proliferation state, when TFDP3 and E2F are combined, cell cycle genes like Cyclins and CDKS are turned on to signal cells into the S-stage phase from the G1 phase.
Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis
Other functions of TFDP3 beyond proliferation might include cell differentiation and apoptosis. It can impact cell fate by modulating certain transcriptional instructions.
Transcriptional Regulation
It is possible that TFDP3 also acts on other transcription factors or co -regulatory factors to control the expression of different genes.
Signal Path Interaction
This activity of TFDP3 can be modulated by many different signals channels from the environment, including growth factor, stress response, etc, which is why TFDP3 can be important in guiding the cells' responses to the environment.
TFDP3 Physiology
The TFDP3 gene is 8,680bp, with only one outer man, the MRNA length is 1,680bp, encoding a 405 amino acid protein. TFDP3 has a conservative DNA -binding domain and heterogeneous aggregate domain. These domains are typical in the TFDP family and are necessary for functional function. TFDP3 expression can trigger cell autophaorus by raising the expression of the eternal key protein LC3 and the number of autophaorus. TFDP3 can inhibit the adjustment function of E2F1 activity by TFDP3/E2F1 heterodosis.
TFDP3 Regulate the Cell Cycle
Cell cycle: the duration of the wire division from the end of filament division to the next time, including interstitial period and wire division. The cell cycle is managed by a lot of different things. The cell cycle is the regulator of cell growth and proliferation. Defying the cell cycle is a new kind of therapeutic treatment for disease or tumour. Expression patterns of FDP3 in different stages of cell cycle, TFDP3 molecules could be mixed with E2F1 throughout the cell cycle, affect the cell cycle. It established the basis for a later investigation into the workings of the E2F/TFDP3 complex.
TFDP3 and disease The function of TFDP3
TFDP3 is a transcription factor involved in several processes in biology including cell proliferation, differentiation and death. TFDP3 mediates cell proliferation, cell death and E2F regulation. The main synergy of E2F, TFDP3 is essential to the disease that shapes cell cycle, cancer and more. These are just a few of the roles that TFDP3 plays in the disease:
Cancer
TFDP3 has close associations with both proliferation and tumourigenesis. There are also reports that aberrant expression of TFDP3 can promote the proliferation and progression of some cancers (eg, breast cancer, lung cancer, etc). This is a cycle-regulating protein and an ideal cancer therapy.
Cardiovascular Disease
TFDP3 can also be implicated in cardiovascular disease, by modulating cardiac cell proliferation and differentiation.
Metabolic Disease
Sometimes TFDP3 will also be affected in metabolic diseases, which will impact the associated metabolic pathway.
Conclusion
TFDP3 belongs to the family of TFDP. It is part of cancer testicular antigen, and it has physiological effects. TFDP3 is an E2F1 inhibitor. Because E2F is engaged in the most basic function of important cells, like cell cycles, DNA replication, cell proliferation and differentiation or other physiological functions. TFDP3 have created another dize with the E2F sub -submissive to denature the TFDP/E2F complex, and reduce the DNA binding activity of the complex TFDP / E2F and mediate many physiological functions. TFDP3 prevents E2F1 induced transcriptional activation and cell cycle functions, as well as E2F1 -driven P53 -induced cell death. TFDP3 is a cancer gene involved in some types of cancers. It is cancer's potential future course and treatment parameters. It is the ongoing, comprehensive investigation of TFDP3 that will find the new cure for the disease.
References
- Jiao, YS.; et al. Effects of cancer-testis antigen, TFDP3, on cell cycle regulation and its mechanism in L-02 and HepG2 cell lines in vitro. PLoS One 2017, 12(8): e0182781.
- Huang, J.; et al. TFDP3 as E2F unique partner, has crucial roles in cancer cells and testis. Frontiers in Oncology 2021, 11: 742462.
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