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Overview
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Protein A is a recombinant protein, expressed in E.coli cells. The protein consists of 257 amino acids and a N-terminal His6-tag and one cysteine residue. Protein A was found to be a powerful reagent for the detection of IgG, and consequently the antigen against which these antibodies are directed. Protein A is widely used as a ligand coupled to resins in affinity chromatography for antibody purification. Protein A may be conjugated with various reporter molecules such as fluorescent dyes (FITC), enzyme markers (peroxidase, beta-galactosidase, alkaline phosphatase), biotin, and colloidal gold without affecting the antibody binding site on the molecule. These conjugates may be used to detect immunoglobulins using immunochemical assays such as western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA.
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Overview