L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine

- Overview
  - L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine (alanylglutamine; Ala-Gln) is a synthetic glutamine dipeptide molecule, consisting of two amino acids, L-glutamine and L-alanine. It is used as an essential supplement in cell culture. It has better solubility and stability than its constituent amino acid, L-glutamine, which degrades to pyroglutamate, thus can be used as an alternative form. L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine reduces the level of ammonia generated during cell culture compared to L-glutamine. Therefore, it can serve as a superior source of amino acids in cell culture. L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine can also enhance monoclonal antibody production in cell culture, with the productivity depending on cell line and culture conditions. The compound is also used as an alternative to L-glutamine in biopharmaceutical production. It also has immunostimulatory properties.
    L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine is soluble in water, and sparingly soluble in ethanol, DMSO and DMF.
    
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    Background
    
    While glutamine can generate ammonia when added to cell cultures grown at 37°C which impedes cell growth and productivity, L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine causes a reduction in ammonia production, and thereby can reduce the apoptotic ratio of cells grown in culture, causing beneficial effects.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    39537-23-0
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C8H15N3O4
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    217.22
    
    Appearance
    
    White crystalline powder
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Semi-synthetic
    Assay: ≥98.0%
    Purity Level: ≥98.0%
    
    Storage
    
    ≤30°C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Eukaryotic Cell Culture Applications: L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine can enhance monoclonal antibody production in cell culture, with the productivity depending on cell line and culture conditions. The addition of L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine (50 mM) to in vitro cultures of antibody-producing CHO cells promotes antibody production and reduces apoptosis when used at 50 mM (Imamoto et al, 2013).The addition of L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine (2mM) to insulin-secreting BRIN-BD11 β-cells protects against the inflammatory effects of exposure to lipopolysaccharide-treated primary macrophages (Cruzat et al, 2015).
    L-Alanyl-Glutamine has immunostimulatory activity. After addition of L-Alanyl-Glutamine (2 mmol/L), T-lymphocyte proliferation stimulated with mitogens and alloantigens increased significantly in a dose-dependent fashion. The stimulatory effects were partly attributed to enhanced cytokine production (Kircher et al, 2002).