Iguratimod

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Background

IC50: 2.0 (hepatocyte-stimulating activities) and 6.6 μg/ml (immunoreactivities) for IL-6 release.
Iguratimod is one of a series of 4H-1-benzopyran-4-ones which has potent anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic activity. Iguratimod also inhibits the production of tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-8.
In vitro: Iguratimod inhibited the release of immunoreactive IL-1 beta from human monocytic cell line stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in a dose-dependent manner (0.3-30 μg/ml). Northern blotting analysis using LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells indicated that the inhibitory effect of Iguratimod on IL-1 beta production is caused by the suppression of IL-1 beta mRNA expression [1].
In vivo: Administration of Iguratimod did not inhibit the tumor growth, but resulted in attenuation of cachexia symptoms. Furthermore, Iguratimod decreased the serum levels of IL-6, and also reduced its gene expression in the tumor tissues. In addition, exogenously administered IL-6 nullified the suppressive effect of Iguratimod [2].
Clinical trial: A 52-week clinical study of iguratimod in 394 Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis to evaluate the long-term safety of the drug was conducted. Iguratimod was administered orally at a daily dose of 25 mg for the first 4 weeks and 50 mg for the subsequent 48 weeks. The cumulative incidence of adverse events for 100 weeks was 97.6%. The cumulative incidence of adverse reactions was 65.3%; unfavorable symptoms and signs accounted for 33.2% of the reactions, and abnormal laboratory data changes accounted for 50.4% [3].

[1] Tanaka K, Aikawa Y, Kawasaki H, Asaoka K, Inaba T, Yoshida C. Pharmacological studies on 3-formylamino-7-methylsulfonylamino-6-phenoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (T-614), a novel antiinflammatory agent. 4th communication: inhibitory effect on the production of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6. J Pharmacobiodyn. 1992;15(11):649-55.
[2] Tanaka K, Urata N, Mikami M, Ogasawara M, Matsunaga T, Terashima N, Suzuki H. Effect of iguratimod and other anti-rheumatic drugs on adenocarcinoma colon 26-induced cachexia in mice. Inflamm Res. 2007;56(1):17-23.
[3] Hara M, Abe T, Sugawara S, Mizushima Y, Hoshi K, Irimajiri S, Hashimoto H, Yoshino S, Matsui N, Nobunaga M. Long-term safety study of iguratimod in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol. 2007;17(1):10-6.