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Overview
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Predicted MW: Monomer, 18 kDa (159 aa). Interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1alpha) is expressed by epithelial cells, activated macrophages, neutrophils, and endothelial cells to regulate immune responses. IL-1alpha signals through the IL-1 receptor, type 1 (IL-1R1) to activate the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88) signaling pathway, which contains the cytoplasmic Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain adapter. IL-1alpha and the independently regulated IL-1beta protein have overlapping proinflammatory activities to induce adhesion molecule expression on epithelial cells, control fever induction, initiate rheumatoid arthritis, and promote septic shock.
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Overview