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Overview
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Glutathione reductase (GR) also known as glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR) is an enzyme that plays an indirect but essential role in prevention of cellular oxidative damage by helping to maintain appropriate levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH). GSH, in conjuction with the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GP), is the acting reductant responsible for minimizing harmful hydrogen peroxide cellular levels. The regeneration of GSH is catalyzed by GSR. GSR is a ubiquitous 100-120 kDa dimeric flavoprotein that catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione, using β-nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as the hydrogen donor. Molecules such as NADPH act as hydride donors in a variety of enzymatic processes. NADPH has been suggested to also act as an indirectly operating antioxidant, given its role in the re-reduction of GSSG to GSH and thus maintaining the antioxidative power of glutathione.
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- Properties
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Overview