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Overview
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Background
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) phosphorylate diacylglycerol (DAG) to produce phosphatidic acid. DAG and phosphatidic acid are lipids that act as second messengers in signaling cascades. DGK-α influences cell activation and secretion of lethal exosomes, which in turn control cell death. DGK-β is abundant in restricted brain regions such as the caudate putamen and olfactory tubercle. DGK-γ encodes full-length and truncated transcripts that are present in a range of human tissues, with greatest expression observed in retina. DGK-δ is most abundant in skeletal muscle. DGK-ε shows specificity for arachidonylcontaining diacylglycerol and is expressed predominantly in testis. DGK-θ is most abundant in the cerebellum and hippocampus. DGK-ι is present in brain and retina as a predominant transcript of more than 12 kb, including a long 3-prime untranslated region, with additional low abundance transcripts of 9.5 and 7.5 kb. DGK-η is closely related to DGK-δ. DGK-ζ is most abundant in brain and muscle. DGKs have structural motifs that play regulatory roles, and these motifs form the basis for dividing the DGKs into five subtypes.
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