Name: Azithromycin Dihydrate
Price: 402.00 USD

- Overview
  - Azithromycin Dihydrate is a broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from Erythromycin that belongs to the azalide subclass of the Macrolide family. The macrolide family possess anti-inflammatory properties independent of their bactericidal/bacteriostatic actions, and Azithromycin demonstrates anti-immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory properties. The compound is effective against many Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and certain Mycoplasma species. Azithromycin is a senolytic compound that selectively attacks and kills senescent cells with high efficiency. Azithromycin has been used in research studies on Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2.
    Azithromycin Dihydrate is soluble in DMSO and ethanol, but sparingly soluble in aqueous solution.
    
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    Background
    
    Macrolide antibiotics inhibit bacterial growth by binding to the 70S ribosome (specifically the 50S subunit) preventing peptide bond formation and translocation during protein synthesis. Resistance is attributed to mutations in 50S rRNA preventing binding of Azithromycin and allowing the cell to synthesize error-free proteins.
- Properties
  - CAS Number
    
    117772-70-0 9 (dihydrate); 83905-01-5 (anhydrous); 121479-24-4 (monohydrate)
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C38H72N2O12 • 2H2O
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    785.02
    
    Appearance
    
    White crystalline powder
    
    Solubility
    
    Soluble in DMSO and ethanol. Sparingly soluble in aqueous solution.
    
    Other Properties
    
    Source: Semi-synthetic
    Water Content (Karl Fischer): 4.0-5.0%
    PH: 9.0 - 11.0
    Assay: (On Dried Basis): 945-1030 µg/mg
    Residue On Ignition: ≤0.3%
    Heavy Metals: ≤25ppm
    Optical Rotation: -45° to -49º
    
    Storage
    
    ≤30°C
    
    * For research use only
- Applications
  - Application Description
    
    Spectrum: Azithromycin is effective against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and certain Mycoplasmas.
    
    Microbiology Applications: Azithromycin Dihydrate is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options. Representative MIC values include:
    Chlamydia trachomatis 0.016 µg/mL-0.125 µg/mL
    Mycobacterium avium 16 µg/mL- >256 µg/mL
    Azithromycin has also been shown to have antiviral properties for respiratory viruses, such as rhinoviruses, by decreasing the synthesis of intercellular adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1 that are used by the virus for adhesion.
    Azithromycin is a promising candidate for the treatment of the COVID-19 disease. According to the literature, a number of clinical trials are currently underway on the use of Azithromycin for COVID-19 disease (Parra-Lara et al, 2020).
    
    Eukaryotic Cell Culture Applications: Azithromycin influence on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) was studied in vitro. Azithromycin was found to suppress P. gingivalis LPS-induced cytokine/chemokine protein production in HGF (Doyle et al, 2015).
    Azithromycin pretreatment induced antiviral mechanisms in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) bronchial epithelial cells. Pulmonary exacerbations are often associated with rhinoviruses. Azithromycin reduced rhinovirus replication 7-fold without inducing cell death, possibly through amplifying the antiviral response mediated by the IFN pathway (Schögler et al, 2015).