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Overview
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Recognizes human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Toll-like receptors (TLR) are highly conservedthroughout evolution and have been implicated in the innate defense to many pathogens. At present, ligands for several of the TLR's, such as TLR2-6, 9, have been identified, confirming their role in first linedefense against invading microorganism. In mammals, TLRs are identified as type I transmembranesignaling receptors with an extracellular portion containing leucine-rich repeats with patternrecognition capabilities. Pathogen recognition by TLRs provokes rapid activation of innate immunity byinducing proliferation of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of costimulatory molecules andeventually to initiation of adaptive immunity. TLR2 has been identified as a receptor that is central tothe innate immune response to lipoproteins of Gram-negative bacteria, several whole Gram-positivebacteria, as well as a receptor for peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid and other bacterial cellmembrane products.
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