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Overview
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Antigen Distribution: Galectin-9 is expressed by many cell types, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, astrocytes, mast cells, eosinophils, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells
Specificity: RG9-1 activity is directed against mouse galectin-9
Purification method: This monoclonal antibody was purified using multi-step affinity chromatography methods such as Protein A or G depending on the species and isotype.
Isotype Control: Rat IgG2b In Vivo Isotype Control - Low Endotoxin [1-2] (ICH2243)
Endotoxin: ≤ 0.75 EU/mg as determined by the LAL method
Aggregation: Aggregation level ≤ 1%Please contact us at for specific academic pricing.
Background
Galectin-9 (Gal-9), a member of the galectin family of mammalian lectins, binds β-galactoside. Gal-9 is expressed by many cell types, including endothelial cells, the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract, T cells, B cells, macrophages, and mast cells. Gal-9 plays a significant role in innate and adaptive immunity and regulates excessive immunity by suppressing interleukin (IL)-17 producing effector T helper cells (Th)17 and Th1 as well as by augmenting Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg). In addition, Gal-9 induces monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), granulocytic MDSCs, and plasmacytoid dendritic cell-like macrophages. Gal-9 also suppresses B cell receptor signaling and is regulated by I-branching of N-glycans. Additionally, Gal-9 stimulates the maturation of dendritic cells.
Gal-9 is thought to function by binding to specific carbohydrate moieties in receptor molecules expressed on the surface of its target cells, including the T-cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3)1. Gal-9 is predominantly located in the cytoplasm but can also be secreted. Gal-9 is expressed by a variety of tumor cells, plays a role in tumor immunity, and can suppress tumor metastasis by blocking adhesion to endothelium and extracellular matrices. CD45, which regulates antigen receptor signaling, is a major glycoprotein receptor for Gal-9 on naive B cells.
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