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Overview
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CD163 has been identified as an acute phase‐regulated transmembrane protein whose function is to mediate the endocytosis of haptoglobin‐hemoglobin complexes. This receptor is expressed on the surface of monocytes with low expression and on tissue macrophages, histiocytes with high expression. Staining with anti‐CD163 has been helpful to distinguish synovial macrophages from synovial intimal fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis, where its specificity for macrophages was found to be superior to that of anti‐CD68. Increased levels of CD163 were also detected in patients with microbial infections and myelomonocytic leukemias. Anti‐ CD163 is of considerable value for selective identification of monocytes and macrophages at a certain stage of differentiation and is suitable for diagnosing myelomonocytic or monocytic leukemia and neoplasms of true histiocytic origin. CD163 is positive in skin (histiocytes), gut, Kupffer cells, a few alveolar macrophages, macrophages in the placenta, and in macrophages in inflamed tissues including tumor tissue.
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Overview