AAV ACTOne Gi-GPCR Assay Kit-A3AR

The Adenosine A3 Receptor (A3AR) is a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that binds to adenosine, an endogenous purine nucleoside. A3AR is primarily coupled with the Gi/Go class of G proteins, which, upon activation, inhibit adenylate cyclase, leading to a decrease in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. Additionally, A3AR can influence other signaling pathways, including the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and the regulation of intracellular calcium levels. A3AR is expressed in various tissues, including the heart, liver, brain, and immune cells. It is involved in several physiological and pathological processes, such as inflammation, ischemic protection, and cancer progression. Due to its diverse roles, A3AR is a potential therapeutic target for treating inflammatory diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular conditions. The receptor's activation can have both protective and detrimental effects, depending on the context and tissue type involved.
This kit uses AAV vectors with a CMV promoter to co-express the A3AR and cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel, allowing researchers to conduct high-throughput screening and functional analysis of potential A3AR-targeting compounds. The kit provides a sensitive and reliable method for evaluating the pharmacological properties of A3AR drugs, such as agonists and antagonists, in a live-cell environment.

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Background

ACTOne™ is the only high-throughput GPCR screening technology that can directly measure the intracellular changes of the secondary messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) in living cells, in real-time. It uses a proprietary modified cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel, which is co-localized with adenylate cyclase at the plasma membrane, as a biosensor of cAMP activity. The CNG channel opens when the cAMP level near the plasma membrane increases, resulting in ion flux and cell membrane depolarization. The influx of cations through the CNG channel can be quantified using fluorescent ion indicators or membrane potential (MP) dyes. It provides information on real time intracellular cAMP changes and is highly sensitive. By combining kinetic and endpoint readouts, we are able to capture and analyze transient responses from endogenous GPCRs and weak responses caused by weak Gs or Gi coupled GPCR activities. Using ACTOne, we are able to detect the subcellular cAMP concentration changes directly caused by GPCR activation. Real-time kinetic readouts minimize artifacts, and provide greater content and more statistically relevant data. The intensity of signal increase caused by GPCR activation is directly related to the receptor number on cell surface. Using ACTOne assay, we were able to detect activities of some endogenous Gs coupled receptors in HEK293 cells that have not been reported in literature. In addition, we have also detected weak Gs coupled activity of a GPCR that was widely considered to be only linked to Gq coupled pathway. The ACTOne assay also provides a useful tool for GPCR de-orphanization.