Name: Rotenone
Price: 196.00 USD

- Overview
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    Background
    
    Rotenone is an inhibitor of the mitochondrial complex I electron transport chain with IC50 value of 1.7 - 2.2 μM.
    Electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors and transfer protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. The proton gradient drives ATP synthesis. Complex I is one of the main sites of production of superoxide.
    Rotenone is an inhibitor of the mitochondrial complex I electron transport chain. In the transformed cell line HEK 293 and cancer cell lines U87, rotenone (50 μM) induced cell death by 30% and 40% respectively in a dose dependent way, which was mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Also, rotenone significantly induced autophagy formation [1]. In SH-SY5Y cells, rotenone induced cell apoptosis in a caspase-dependent way. Also, rotenone induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase, c-Jun and JNK, which indicated activation of the p38 and JNK pathways [2]. In differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, rotenone (50 nM) induced cell death by 60% and slowed mitochondrial movement. While rotenone didn’t induce the formation of resembling Lewy bodies [3].
    
    [1]. Chen Y, McMillan-Ward E, Kong J, et al. Mitochondrial electron-transport-chain inhibitors of complexes I and II induce autophagic cell death mediated by reactive oxygen species. J Cell Sci, 2007, 120(Pt 23): 4155-4166.
    [2]. Newhouse K, Hsuan SL, Chang SH, et al. Rotenone-induced apoptosis is mediated by p38 and JNK MAP kinases in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicol Sci, 2004, 79(1): 137-146.
    [3]. Borland MK, Trimmer PA, Rubinstein JD, et al. Chronic, low-dose rotenone reproduces Lewy neurites found in early stages of Parkinson's disease, reduces mitochondrial movement and slowly kills differentiated SH-SY5Y neural cells. Mol Neurodegener, 2008, 3: 21.
- Properties
  - Alternative Name
    
    (2R,6aR,12aS)-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,2,12,12a-tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]furo[2,3-h]chromen-6(6aH)-one
    
    CAS Number
    
    83-79-4
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C23H22O6
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    394.42
    
    Appearance
    
    A solid
    
    Purity
    
    98.00%
    
    Solubility
    
    insoluble in EtOH; insoluble in H2O; ≥77.6 mg/mL in DMSO
    
    Storage
    
    Store at RT
    
    * For Research Use Only
- Reference
  - 1. Fangfang Wang, Zhang Dan, et al. "ALCAM regulates multiple myeloma chemoresistant side population." Cell Death Dis. 2022 Feb 10;13(2):136. PMID:35145058

Rotenone

Rotenone

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