GD1a-Ganglioside ammonium

GD1a ganglioside (shown as ammonium salt) is one of the major gangliosides in neuronal and glial membranes. It has a core tetrasaccharide structure (Galβ1,3GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) with sialic acids linked α2,3/α2,8 to the inner galactose residue, α2,3 to the outer galactose residue, and ceramide linked β to position 1 on the reducing terminal glucose residue (Ledeen, 2009). GD1a ganglioside interacts with myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and is essential for long-term axon-myelin stability. GD1a ganglioside plays a role in viral infection as it is a receptor for viral glycoproteins in rotavirus and paramyxovirus 1. The hexasaccharide GD1a moiety was also found on a glycoprotein that acts as a receptor for adenovirus type 37. GD1a ganglioside also interacts with botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) and is crucial for its entry into cells (Kolter, 2012). The functional significance of ammonia in the brain is not fully understood see: (Modi, 1994).

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