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Overview
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Background
Casein kinase II (CK2) is a constitutively active, ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine protein kinasethat is thought to have a regulatory function in cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. CK2functions as a tetrameric complex consisting of two regulatory beta-subunits and two catalytic units (alphaand alpha') in a homomeric or heteromeric conformation. Whilst the alpha- and alpha'-subunits arecatalytically identical, proteins that regulate CK2, such as cdc2 and Hsp90, preferentially bind to thealpha and not the alpha'-subunit. CK2 can phosphorylate a number of key intracellular signaling proteinsimplicated in tumor suppression (p53 and PTEN) and tumorigenesis (myc, jun, NF-kappaB). CK2 is also thoughtto influence Wnt signaling via beta-catenin phosphorylation and the PI 3-K signaling pathway via thephosphorylation of Akt.
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Overview