Cycloheximide

- Overview
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    Background
    
    IC50: N/A
    Cycloheximide is an inhibitor of protein biosynthesis in eukaryotic organisms widely used in biomedical research to inhibit protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells studied in vitro. Due to significant toxic side effects, including teratogenesis, DNA damage, and other reproductive effects, cycloheximide is generally used only in in vitro research applications, but not suitable for human use as a therapeutic compound.
    In vitro: Cycloheximide blocks the movement of peptidyl-tRNA from acceptor site to the donor site on reticulocyte ribosomes. This translocation reaction is dependent on the transfer enzyme, TF-II, and GTP hydrolysis. Cycloheximide has no effect on the ribosome dependent GTPase activity of TF-II or peptidyl transferase reaction by which peptides on tRNA in the donor ribosomal site are transferred to an amino acid on tRNA in the acceptor site [1].
    In vivo: Cycloheximide treatment was effective in attenuating rat brain injury within a 6 hr therapeutic window after hypoxia-ischemia in a newborn rat pup model. These data support the possibility that protein synthesis inhibitors, as well as other anti-apoptotic strategies, may have therapeutic utility in hypoxic-ischemic (HI) events of the developing newborn brain even when treatment is delayed for up to 6 hr after the primary asphyxial insult [2].
    Clinical trial: Up to now, cycloheximide is still in the preclinical development stage.
    
    [1] McKeehan W, Hardesty B. The mechanism of cycloheximide inhibition of protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1969 Aug 15;36(4):625-30.
    [2] Park WS, Sung DK, Kang S, Koo SH, Kim YJ, Lee JH, Chang YS, Lee M. Therapeutic window for cycloheximide treatment after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats. J Korean Med Sci. 2006 Jun;21(3):490-4.
- Properties
  - Categories
    
    Antibiotic, inhibitor of protein synthesis in eukaryotes
    
    Alternative Name
    
    Naramycin A; Actidione; 3-[2-(3,5-Dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]glutarimide; 4-[(2R)-2-[(1S,3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl]-2-hydroxyethyl]piperidine-2,6-dione
    
    CAS Number
    
    66-81-9
    
    Molecular Formula
    
    C15H23NO4
    
    Molecular Weight
    
    281.4
    
    Appearance
    
    A solid
    
    Purity
    
    98.15%
    
    Solubility
    
    ≥14.05 mg/mL in H2O with gentle warming and ultrasonic; ≥14.07 mg/mL in DMSO; ≥57.6 mg/mL in EtOH
    
    Storage
    
    Store at -20°C
    
    SMILES
    
    O=C1[[email protected]@H](C)C[[email protected]](C)C[[email protected]@]1([H])[[email protected]@H](CC2CC(NC(C2)=O)=O)O
    
    * For Research Use Only
- Reference
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