Cell disruption, also known as cell lysis, is a process in which cell membranes are broken down to obtain intracellular components such as nucleic acids, enzymes, proteins, metabolites, or organelles for subsequent processing or analysis. The cell disruption method that used to release these cellular components should be reliable and efficient without disturbing the structure and function of components. Due to the unstable nature and dynamics of biological molecules, it should be ensured that the temperature of the sample is maintained at a low level during the entire cell disruption process. Many mechanical and non-mechanical methods have been developed to disrupt cells. Non-mechanical methods can be further subdivided into physical, chemical, and biological methods depending on the forces or media involved. The chemical method is the most well-established and commonly used method of cell lysis because it is easy to implement and usually requires only mixing for activation. A variety of chemicals can cause cell disruption, such as antibiotics, chelating agents, detergents, solvents, hypochlorites, acids, and alkalis.
Mechanical methods often require specialized instruments to stimulate and disrupt cells. Although considered to be more energy consuming than chemical and biological methods, mechanical methods have the advantages of high product recovery, controllability, process maturity, and efficiency. Bead milling is one of the most widely used mechanical disruption options, where grinding and dispersion occur due to interparticle collisions and solid shear effects. High pressure homogenization (HPH) is another mechanical method that uses various types of valve and impactor arrangements to achieve the desired disruption efficiency. High-pressure homogenizers have the characteristics of high efficiency, high throughput and cleanability, which are widely used for large-scale cell destruction. In addition, ultrasonic vibrations and microwave radiation can also be used to disrupt cells. The emitted ultrasonic vibrations can lead to acoustic cavitation. Microwaves cause thermolysis of water, resulting in cavitation. However, these methods have low disruption efficiency and are usually combined with other cell disruption methods. A mechanical disruption method is relatively easy to be integrated in a microfluidic chip, and the microfluidic chip can provide a relatively airtight environment to prevent the cells from external contamination. The mechanical disruption method based on microfluidics can achieve high levels of cell disruption and target product recovery for all cell types by providing constant, controlled shear rates.
Cell disruption is often the initial step in the manufacturing of many biological products, genetic or immunologic assays, and the development of biotherapeutics. The selection of an appropriate method is based on the cell type, the target product to be isolated, and the subsequent processing or the purpose of analysis. Amerigo Scientific offers a variety of modes of reliable, durable and efficient cell disruptors to meet the requirements of different applications.
Price: $42,987 - $59,709
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