General Design Criteria for Upstream Process |
Sterilization-in-place (SIP) |
- In general: sterilization at 121 °C, 20 min
- Sterile gassing (Filter)
- Sterile additions
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Clean-in-Place (CIP) |
- No dead ends → piping design
- High Surface quality → finish, choice of material
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Process Safety |
- Closed System (Containment)
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Safety for Personnel and Environment |
- Closed System for exhaust, drain, sampling (Containment)
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The Right Material for Upstream Process |
Metallic Parts |
- Material 316 L (1.4404/1.4435) (Mo content approx. 2%)
- High resistance to corrosion
- Surface grinded to Ra ≤0.6 um or 0,4 um e-polished
- Special means for protection of overheating during welding(ferrite formation)
- 1.4539 (904 L), 1.4529, SMO, Duplex steel, Super Duplex with very high resistance possible
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Elastomers |
- In general, material of choice: EPDM, PTFE may have mechanical drawbacks
- FDA certificate
- USP cl.VI becomes widely required
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Basic Engineering |
User requirements |
- PFD diagram
- Layout
- Main dimensions
- Automation concept
- Specification
- Document requirements (GAMP5, FDA, DATEX)
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Detail Engineering |
Engineering |
- P & I-Diagram
- Equipment
- Pipe layout
- 3D-Planing / Isometrics
- Equipment datasheets and material purchasing
- Qualification documents
- Test protocols & report
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Hardware |
- Test protocols & report
- Hardware Hardware specification (HS)
- Wiring diagrams, Part lists
- I/O lists, Parameter lists
- Control panel
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Software |
- Functional Specification (FS)
- DCS & PLC software
- Visualization software
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Qualification |
- Batch software
- SQL Database
- Project Quality Plan PQP
- Qualification Master Plan MQP
- Design Qualification DQ
- Installation Qualification IQ
- Operational Qualification OQ
- Performance Qualification PQ
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Installation and commissioning |
Turnkey installation of process plants |
- Pipe installation
- Electrical installation and calibration
- Instrument air tubing
- Commissioning
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